Apache Maven – Complete Tutorial

1. What is Maven?

Apache Maven is a project management and build automation tool that helps developers manage project builds, dependencies, documentation, and releases.

• Build automation
• Dependency management
• Standard project structure
• Easy integration with CI/CD tools

2. Why Maven?

• No manual JAR management
• Consistent build process
• Easy project setup
• Central repository support
• Automation-friendly

3. Installing Maven

• Download from https://maven.apache.org
• Set M2_HOME and PATH
• Verify installation

mvn -version

4. Maven Project Structure

project-name
 ├── src
 │   ├── main
 │   │   ├── java
 │   │   └── resources
 │   └── test
 │       ├── java
 │       └── resources
 ├── pom.xml
 └── target

5. pom.xml Explained

Basic pom.xml

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.prakura</groupId>
  <artifactId>automation</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
</project>

6. Dependency Management

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>4.20.0</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

7. Dependency Scopes

• compile
• test
• provided
• runtime
• system

8. Maven Build Lifecycle

• validate
• compile
• test
• package
• verify
• install
• deploy

mvn clean install

9. Maven Plugins

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>3.2.5</version>
</plugin>

10. Maven Profiles

<profiles>
  <profile>
    <id>qa</id>
  </profile>
</profiles>

mvn test -Pqa

11. Repositories

• Local Repository (.m2)
• Central Repository
• Remote Repository

12. Maven with Selenium & TestNG

mvn test

13. Maven in CI/CD (Jenkins)

mvn clean test

14. Interview & Real-Time Usage

• Difference between Maven & Ant
• What is pom.xml?
• Lifecycle phases
• Dependency scope questions
• Profiles in real projects